Kyoto Protocol Global Climate Change - 1146 Words

Kyoto’s Consequences After growing concern over global climate change, the Kyoto Protocol was proposed in 1997 and ratified in 2005. The protocol was created to address the issue of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, specifically aiming to reduce these emissions globally by giving each country specific goals and percentages of reduction by 2012 relative to 1990 GHG levels1. The need for a global policy stems from the systemic type of environmental problem being dealt with2. Although GHGs are created locally, they affect the world as a whole through their spread in the atmosphere and their contribution to rising average global temperatures. Therefore, their impacts are not local and the entire world needs to come together to limit the rise of†¦show more content†¦Meanwhile, developed countries such as Canada and the USA would need to both reduce GHG emissions and provide developing countries with technological and financial resources for sustainable development4. The fear of economic cost related to the reduction of GHG emissions and of falling behind some rapidly developing nations, made many countries reluctant to ratify the protocol. The USA refused to sign the protocol unless developing nations like China also agreed to limit their GHG emissions5. Canada, after having ratified the treaty, later backed out, following in America’s footsteps. The Kyoto protocol does not hold much authority, so in the case of Canada backing out, no real sanctions can be applied7. In order to keep to their promises, countries must face some kind of consequence for refusing to comply with a legally binding contract such as the Kyoto protocol. Another difficulty faced by the treaty is the measuring of GHGs, these come with often high percentages of error due to their sources6. It is therefore difficult to measure emissions accurately and assess whether or not a target has been met. 2. Consequences Legacy The Kyoto protocol produced mixed success overall. Many countries did not meet their targets and even ended up with more emissions than their baseline 1990 levels. Such countries include

Essay on Beowulf is an Epic Hero - 1415 Words

Epic battles, terrifying monsters, extraordinary strength, and great leadership; these characteristics and encounters are what make up the epic hero that is Beowulf. The heroism exemplified by Beowulf is defined by many different qualities. Beowulf is truly a hero because he is willing to put himself at great risk for the greater good. Beowulfs defeats of Grendel and Grendels mother establish him as a hero because he did it to save his people, rather than for his own glory. Beowulf is brought from his homeland to Heorot as an aegis for Hrothgars people. This illustrates the point that he was willing to put himself at risk because he fought the monster with his bare hands and put himself in peril just for the sake of saving†¦show more content†¦If this combat kills me, take care of my young company, my comrades in arms (Heaney 1475-1481). Even though Beowulf knows that he could lose his life, he is concerned about what will happen to his people should he die. Beowulf makes Hrothgar promise him that if he dies he, Hrothgar, will look after his warriors and make sure no harm comes of them. Lastly, Beowulf is offered a position of leadership by Hrothgar for his courageous efforts at saving his people. In all things you are even-tempered, prudent, and resolute. So I stand firm by the promise of friendship we exchanged before. Forever you will be your peoples mainstay and your own warriors helping hand (Heaney 1705-1708). Beowulfs ability to protect his people without any care of losing his own life made him a true hero and also gave him the qualities of a great leader. Beowulfs warriors praise him after his death as being a hero and a gracious and kind king who always defended his people with honor and minimal pride. This is an especially difficult thing to accomplish. The hero follows a code that exalts indomitab le will and valor in the individual, but society requires a king who acts for the common good, not for his own glory (Leyerle 56). These two characters, the epic hero and the mighty king, often conflict with each other. Each one has different characteristics. The hero acts solely out of pride for his accomplishments, while the king does everything for the betterment of hisShow MoreRelatedThe Epic Of Beowulf As An Epic Hero1519 Words   |  7 Pagesaway following a journey, you have most likely read an epic. An epic by definition is â€Å"a long poem, typically one derived from ancient oral tradition, narrating the deeds and adventures of heroic or legendary figures or the history of a nation†. Every epic has a main character that undergoes the same archetypal journey as all other heroes, an epic hero. There are specific qualities one must have to be considered an epic hero. Each epic hero possesses superhuman strength, displays a strong sense ofRead MoreThe Epic Of Beowul f As An Epic Hero711 Words   |  3 Pagesthan the writer. These â€Å"epic heros† are protagonists that fulfill their potential of greatness through using their bravery, strength and humility for good. The near ancient tale of Beowulf is a classic example of an epic story that contains an epic hero. In this tale Hrothgar, the king of the Danes, has been terrorized by a beast known as Grendel. This beast has been murdering the king’s people and no one has come close to stopping this killer. A Geat warrior named Beowulf hears of the King’s predicamentRead MoreBeowulf : An Epic Hero930 Words   |  4 Pages The story of Beowulf shows its reader many characteristics of why this Anglo-Saxon poem is an epic. First of all, Beowulf is a warrior of epic renown by the time he formally introduces himself in the poem. Next, Beowulf is the warrior that many strive to be in life. In addition, Beowulf finds himself tackling many quests that involve dangerous beasts, or as he might call them, demons. The next quality shown by Beowulf is his bravery and honor. The reader is able to easily identify this characteristicRead MoreBeowulf, The Epic Hero1373 Words   |  6 Pages 2015 Beowulf, The Epic Hero In Anglo Saxon times, Beowulf is considered a well known epic hero. â€Å"Epic heroes are literary characters from ancient mythology and other stories, which were written down in the form of long, narrative epic poems. The hero is the main character, or protagonist of the poem†(Epic Hero: Definition, Characteristics Examples.). The epic hero usually battles for accomplishments to a set of tasks to complete important goals. Beowulf is described as an epic hero becauseRead MoreThe Epic Hero Of Beowulf866 Words   |  4 PagesAn epic hero is someone who is of great importance, they have supernatural abilities, have some form of connection with the Gods, and accomplish great deeds. In Beowulf, translated by Seamus Heaney, Beowulf is the epic hero in his tale and he is considered great by those who know of his life. There are two versions of his story which portrays him in a certain way. The video version does not do its best to portray him as an epic hero but instead show that he is a liar, a womanizer, and a coward. TheRead MoreBeowulf : An Epic Hero894 Words   |  4 Pages The character of Beowulf demonstrates several characteristics that make a great epic hero. Throughout his lifetime he displayed several characteristics such as honor, bravery, physical superiority, leadership, and glory. These characteristics all formed how the Anglo-Saxons believed one should live their life. Along with the valorous deeds that Beowulf accomplished he is considered to be a prime example of an epic hero. Beowulf would have even been considered a model human to the Anglo-SaxonsRead MoreBeowulf : An Epic Hero978 Words   |  4 Pages Beowulf is a character that exudes the qualities of an epic hero. Throughout this epic, Beowulf is seen as a hero to many and a major threat to the evils he encounters. The values of the Anglo-Saxons, who would have read and admired this poem, included loyalty, bravery, and honor. Beowulf’s character exemplifies all of these qualities to the highest degree. The values and traditions of the original composers of this story cause Beowulf’s character to be the perfect example of an Anglo-SaxonRead MoreBeowulf, the Epic Hero1431 Words   |  6 PagesBeowulf, the Epic Hero There have been many grand stories about great warriors, and champions; those about epic heroes however, are the truly exceptional tales. One such tale, over a thousand years old, stands out from all the rest: Beowulf, the tale of a great warrior, on his quest to achieve eternal glory, defeating great opponents. Throughout the whole story, Beowulf demonstrates most –if not all- of the qualities that an archetypal hero possesses. He embodies the highest ideals of his cultureRead MoreBeowulf: an Epic Hero983 Words   |  4 PagesGauvain British Literature Beowulf Essay 9/22/04 Beowulf: An Epic Hero According to Abrams, the heroic poem is a long verse narrative on a serious subject, told in an elevated style, and centered on a heroic or quasi-divine figure on whose actions depends the fate of a tribe, a nation, or the human race. Beowulf fits Abrams description of an epic, exhibiting all of the characteristics listed throughout the book, thus defining Beowulf as a hero and making the book an epic through its elevatedRead MoreBeowulf : The Epic Hero960 Words   |  4 PagesPotter, and Beowulf all have in common? They all demonstrate the qualities of epic heroes. Beowulf represents several characteristics of an epic hero and demonstrates the values of the Anglo-Saxons. He is the main character of his story, he has a main goal, he travels and fights with a group of people, and he accomplishes many valorous deeds; the values of the Anglo-Saxons are also shown through the actions of Beowulf, such as courage, loyalty, and fame. For example, when Beowulf heard a cry

How proper use of Information Systems

Questions: 1. How proper use of Information Systems can enhance Health Care? 2. Reflective One Minute paper? 3. What the Papers Say Critiques? Answers: 1. Healthcare Services and Information System Gawanmeh et al., (2015) cited that providing a standard and quality healthcare solution and survives is one of the most complex endeavors depending on the medical knowledge and patient information. The medical decisions taken by the medical experts are not only based on the experience and clinical skills alone but are taken based on the years of experiment and research. In addition to that, Hung, Chen, and Wang, (2014) illustrated that the medical knowledge is clubbed with the systematic views, medical reports and guidelines for providing the best medical services to the patients. Moreover, Liu, Li, and Liu, (2014) showed that the quality of the medical services is determined by the result of the particular service on the health status of the patient. The vital and sensitive information about the status of the patients' health is stored in various format and are obtained from different sources including, medical history, medical reports. Laboratory reports and others. According to Rocha, (2013), the EMG (Electromyography), ECG (electrocardiogram), ENG (Electronystagmogram) and EEG (electroencephalogram) are stored in analog form. On the other hand, the radiological, ultrasonic and histological data of the patients are obtained in the video and image format that determines the healthcare services to be provided to the patient. Huang, Behara, and Goo, (2014) illustrated that the improving the quality of the healthcare requires the identification and utilisation of the proper health care services provide to the patient. The application of the Information Technology helps in integrating all the data regarding the patients' health, past diseases and medical research into one place and easily accessible. Moreover, the information system provides standard information and data about the health problems and processes alternative treatment and test most appropriate at the particular point. Fichman, Dos Santos, and Zhiqiang (2014) explained that the improvement of the healthcare services through the information system would help in enhancing and improving the safety, quality and consistency in the healthcare services and the health status of the patient. Limitation of the traditional information sources in healthcare industry The healthcare organisation sources mainly two kinds of information mainly about the health problems and secondly the background of the patients. Pare et al., (2015) cited that this information is most critical for the clinical decision making for the patients. The data related to health problems includes the medical history, functional status, symptoms and other signs of the disease. On the other hand, the demographic information about the patients includes the allergies, family history of disease substance abuse, and other demographic traits. The traditional paper based system are used for recording and maintaining the information about the patients. The significant limitation of the traditional system includes the inaccessibility, inaccuracy, lack of completeness, security issues, slow transmission, lack of comprehensiveness and without any particular standard uniformity. The existing limitation of the traditional system has resulted in various difficulties in the clinical examination including the incomplete and inaccurate information about the patients medical record. Chen, and Fu, (2015) claimed that the traditional system had limited the healthcare providers and expert in obtaining the appropriate information at the right time at the right way. In addition to that, various issues and limitations existing in the process of clinical examination are followed: The huge time is needed for obtaining and recording the information of the patient; The system interferes with faulty reasoning during the information collection and monitoring of the patient; No systematic approach is being followed during the observing of the symptoms and signs; No standard policies are being followed for accessing the health history and medical record; The limitation of the existing system and the processes has resulted in the creation of the problem and jeopardising healthcare solution provided to the patient. Contribution of the Information System in improving the healthcare services According to Payne et al., (2013) the significant contribution of the information system in the healthcare services is the improvement of the information accuracy that is essential for the decision making process of the treatment. In addition to that, the information system significantly reduces the amount of time taken for retrieving the information. Waterson, (2014) claimed that the application of the information system in the healthcare provides access to relevant and sensitive information at the right time required for the diagnosis of the patients. Easy retrieving and entering the information about the patient: The Information System allowed in providing an electronic-based record system for comprehending the demographic information and the medical records in various format and from different sources including pharmacy, laboratory and clinic. Gawanmeh et al., (2015) showed that the IS allows in storing the digitised images of the radiograph, medical report, a sound recording that provides detailed information and data about the patient's medical record. The display of high resolution and flexible graphics has provided the healthcare providers to suit the need of the individual patient. Retrieving and processing information about the health problem and diseases: According to Hung, Chen, and Wang, (2014), the information system allows the conjunction between telecommunication networks, human-computer interfaces and remote and local databases. The information system when linked to various online libraries and bibliographic database incusing MEDLINE, SCORPIO, NCI and PDQ allows in accessing the past and ongoing researches and studies related to various disease and treatment. The use of the information system helps in screening and selecting a particular information from the bulk of information. Computer based system for supporting decision making process: Huang, Behara, and Goo, (2014) cited that the healthcare information systems supports the decision support system based on accurate information present in the information system. This benefit has allowed in the processing of the medical records and data provided by the medical history and medical reports. Standard protocols: The application of the information system allowed the integration of various application in one system. Pare et al., (2015) showed that information system allows the conversion of the clinical and medical protocol into algorithms with exact parameters and deterministic models. Impact of proper use of Information System Waterson, (2014) claimed that the effectiveness of the implementation and proper utilisation of the information system for improving the patient health and clinical procedure has positive results. The application of the information system provided the display of the relevant information to the particular healthcare expert. Payne et al., (2013) showed that the availability of the accurate information at the right time to the right people has resulted in the enhanced medical processes. Chen, and Fu, (2015) showed in his study that the IS system had provided continuous development of the statistical results for achieving the therapeutic level. Apart from that, Pare et al., (2015) showed that the application of the information system had allowed the patient in receiving medical attention and care from more that one provider. In addition to that, the IS has allowed the incorporation of the electronic records through all the department of the health care that has resulted in the easier of the patients tracking and monitoring. The ability to assemble the data and records from various departments has facilitated the effectiveness of the healthcare service provided to the patient. Fichman, Dos Santos, and Zhiqiang (2014) showed that this a reliable and valid measurement for assessing and improving the healthcare solution provided to the patients. 2. What I Learned Today Through this assignment, I have learned that the information system in the healthcare is one of the unavoidable aspect of the modern society. The advancement of the technology has forced the implementation and integration of the information system in the healthcare industry. In addition to that, I have learned that medical science combined with the technology has provided great innovation for enhancing the medical services provided to the patient. Apart from that, I have learned that the use of the information system in the healthcare has provided the patient as well as the health care provider with a detailed process and system for controlling, monitoring and assessing the health status of the patient. Question Remained Unanswered The significant question that remained unanswered in this study is what are the underlying risks and imitations of the information system. In addition to that, another question that remained unanswered that the level of impact of the information technology in providing healthcare solution. 3. Theoretical Paper Name of the Authors: Tom Butler and Ciaran Murphy Title of the Article: Understanding the design of information technologies for knowledge management in organizations: a pragmatic perspective Title of the Journal: Info Systems Volume Number: 17 Date: 2007 Month: N/A Page Numbers: 143163 Paper Title: Understanding the design of information technologies for knowledge management in organizations: a pragmatic perspective Authors: Tom Butler and Ciaran Murphy Your Summary of Content of Paper: In this theoretical paper, the author has provided a detailed abstract stating the content of the paper. The abstract presented in the paper has provided the readers a clear view of the design and concept of the implementing the information technology. In addition to that, the introduction provided in the paper is clear and concise with the correct format. The content and scope of the paper was made clear in the introduction chapter. Moreover, the authors have used theoretical concept and models for defining and demonstrating the concept of information technology from past researches. Moreover, the author has cited and referenced information from current articles and journals relevant to the topic. In addition to that, the overview of the proposed system was provided with the theoretic concept and information. The study lacks the use of primary data. In addition to that, the lack of statistical information and graphical models has resulted in the lack of reliability of the system. Ap art from that, the authors have provided the details techniques for the implementation of the proposed design. Moreover, the lack of data and interpretation have failed to provide reliable and robust information about the information technology in knowledge management organization. A: Quality of the Research Item Your Comments 1. Is the research question or objective clearly stated? Yes 2. Is the research question interesting and important? Yes 3. Is the work original? Yes 4. Is the background research clear and relevant? Yes 5. Are there any ethical problems? No B: The Research Method Item Your Comments Summarise the research method No Does the research method seem appropriate for the research question? No Are the methods adequately described? No Were the analyses done correctly? No Are the conclusions supported by the data? No C: Quality of Presentation Item Your Comments Is the work well presented? Yes Is the paper well structured? Yes Are symbols, terms, and concepts adequately defined? Yes Would additional tables, figures help to clarify the work? No D: Additional Notes Use this section to record additional notes on the paper. In particular you should identify any links to other topics and papers from the module N/A White Papers Name of the Authors: N/A Title of the Article: An Introduction to Health Information Integration Title of the Journal: N/A Company: CGI Volume Number: N/A Date: 2014 Month: N/A Page Numbers: 1- 6 Paper Title: An Introduction to Health Information Integration Authors: N/A Your Summary of Content of Paper: The title of the paper makes it clear for the reader, about the white paper and the content of the paper. The abstract of the paper clearly defines the module followed in the white paper. The author has made it clear in the introduction that the paper will focus only on the integration of the information system in the healthcare industry. Although the author has failed to provide the purpose of the article through the introduction. In addition to that, the white paper defines the current status of the health information with the application of the qualitative data. In addition to that, graphs and graphics are present in the white paper that has provided the readers with the clear view about the processes followed. In addition to that, the author has incorporated the views of the stakeholders that has provided the application of the primary data sources. The author has clearly mentioned the limitations and need of the information system in the healthcare industry. The white paper prov ided the relevant information and showed the detailed understanding of the content of the information system. Although, while defining the limitations and problems of the information system, the author has failed to use the statistical data. In addition to that, no evidence of quantitative data analysis was observed in the paper. Being a white paper, no citation was provided in the journal. In addition to that, the author has presented a CGI framework for implementing the information system in the healthcare industry. The procedure has provided a clear view of the implementation to the readers but failed to provide the advantages and limitations of the proposed procedure of implementation. A: Quality of the Research Item Your Comments 1. Is the research question or objective clearly stated? Yes 2. Is the research question interesting and important? N/A 3. Is the work original? Yes 4. Is the background research clear and relevant? N/A 5. Are there any ethical problems? No B: The Research Method Item Your Comments Summarise the research method N/A Does the research method seem appropriate for the research question? N/A Are the methods adequately described? No Were the analyses done correctly? No Are the conclusions supported by the data? No C: Quality of Presentation Item Your Comments Is the work well presented? Yes Is the paper well structured? Yes Are symbols, terms, and concepts adequately defined? Yes Would additional tables, figures help to clarify the work? No D: Additional Notes Use this section to record additional notes on the paper. In particular you should identify any links to other topics and papers from the module This is a firs paper in the series of how the health information integration framework (HIIF). Bibliography Butler, T. and Murphy, C., 2007. Understanding the design of information technologies for knowledge management in organizations: a pragmatic perspective.Information Systems Journal,17(2), pp.143-163. Cgi.com. (2017), An Introduction to Health Information Integration. [online] Available at: https://www.cgi.com/sites/default/files/white-papers/cgi-health-integration-introduction-paper.pdf [Accessed 11 Feb. 2017]. Chen, H. and Fu, Z., 2015. Hadoop-based healthcare information system design and wireless security communication implementation. Mobile Information Systems, 2015. Fichman, R.G., Dos Santos, B.L. and Zhiqiang (Eric) Zheng, 2014. Digital innovation as a fundamental and powerful concept in the information Systems curriculum. Mis Quarterly, 38(2), pp.329-343. Gawanmeh, A., Al-Hamadi, H., Al-Qutayri, M., Chin, S.K. and Saleem, K., 2015, October. Reliability analysis of healthcare information systems: State of the art and future directions. In E-health Networking, Application Services (HealthCom), 2015 17th International Conference on (pp. 68-74). IEEE. Huang, C.D., Behara, R.S. and Goo, J., 2014. Optimal information security investment in a Healthcare Information Exchange: An economic analysis. Decision Support Systems, 61, pp.1-11. Hung, S.Y., Chen, C. and Wang, K.H., 2014. Critical success factors for the implementation of integrated healthcare information systems projects: An organizational fit perspective. Communications of the Association for Information Systems, 34(1), p.39. Liu, S., Li, W. and Liu, K., 2014, May. Pragmatic oriented data interoperability for smart healthcare information systems. In Cluster, Cloud and Grid Computing (CCGrid), 2014 14th IEEE/ACM International Symposium on (pp. 811-818). IEEE. Par, G., Trudel, M.C., Jaana, M. and Kitsiou, S., 2015. Synthesizing information systems knowledge: A typology of literature reviews. Information Management, 52(2), pp.183-199. Payne, T.H., Bates, D.W., Berner, E.S., Bernstam, E.V., Covvey, H.D., Frisse, M.E., Graf, T., Greenes, R.A., Hoffer, E.P., Kuperman, G. and Lehmann, H.P., 2013. Healthcare information technology and economics. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association, 20(2), pp.212-217. Rocha, ., 2013. Evolution of information systems and technologies maturity in healthcare. In Healthcare Information Technology Innovation and Sustainability: Frontiers and Adoption (pp. 238-246). IGI Global. Waterson, P., 2014. Health information technology and sociotechnical systems: A progress report on recent developments within the UK National Health Service (NHS). Applied Ergonomics, 45(2), pp.150-161.